A solar controller (also known as a solar charge controller) is a device used to manage the electrical energy transmission between solar panels and batteries. Its main functions are to prevent the battery from overcharging or over-discharging, extend the battery life, and optimize the efficiency of the solar energy system.

Charging management: Controls the process of charging the battery by the solar panels to prevent overcharging.

Discharge protection: Prevents the battery from over-discharging and protects the battery life.

Load control: Manages the power supply to the loads (such as lights, devices) connected to the controller.

System monitoring: Some controllers provide functions for displaying and monitoring data such as voltage, current, and battery capacity.

PWM controller: Directly reduces the voltage of the solar panels to the battery voltage, with relatively low efficiency. Suitable for small-scale systems or situations with limited budgets.

MPPT controller: Maximizes the output power of the solar panels by dynamically adjusting the operating point. Has higher efficiency and is especially suitable for high-power systems or low-temperature environments.

Most solar controllers support multiple battery types, including:

• Lead-acid batteries (sealed type, open type)
• Lithium batteries (lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, etc.)
• Gel batteries

When choosing, you need to confirm whether the controller supports your battery type.

Yes, most solar controllers have the function of overload protection. When the load current exceeds the rated value of the controller, the controller will automatically cut off the output to protect the system.

At night, the solar controller stops charging and manages the battery's discharge to the load according to the settings, preventing the battery from being over-discharged.